Utility of the Excretory System -
- Animals accumulate ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water and ions like Na+, K+, Cl–, phosphate, sulphate, etc., either by metabolic activities or by other means like excess ingestion.
- These substances have to be removed totally or partially
- Ammonia, urea and uric acid are the major forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by the animals.
- The kidneys of animals have evolved to function in both excretion and the removal or conservation of water and salts.
- Osmoconformers: Animals whose internal osmolarity changes in relation to their external environment.
- Osmoregulators: Animals who can maintain their internal osmolarity at a particular level regardless of the external environment.
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Ammonia, urea and uric acid are the major forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by the animals. Hence, the correct option is d all of the above.
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