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The transition to flowering in plants requires
growth of plants under long-day conditions.
reprogramming of the shoot apical meristem.
growth of plants under short-day conditions.
synthesis of the flowering hormone florigen.
Answers (1)
The shoot apical meristem is a group of cells located at the tip of the plant shoot that is responsible for the production of new tissues, including leaves, stems, and flowers. In order for a plant to transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth and initiate flower development, the shoot apical meristem undergoes significant changes.
During the transition to flowering, the shoot apical meristem undergoes a process called floral induction. This involves a complex network of genetic and environmental signals that trigger the activation of flower development genes and the suppression of vegetative growth genes.
The reprogramming of the shoot apical meristem involves changes in gene expression patterns, hormone signaling, and the activation of specific floral meristem identity genes. These changes result in the transformation of the shoot apical meristem from producing vegetative structures (leaves and stems) to producing floral meristems, which give rise to flowers.
Overall, the transition to flowering requires a reprogramming of the shoot apical meristem to switch from vegetative growth to reproductive development, allowing the plant to produce flowers and complete its life cycle.
Hence, the correct answer is option 2.
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