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What is hydrosere and describe its various stages

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Hydrosere is the succession in freshwater bodies that leads to the formation of a terrestrial ecosystem. The stages of Hydrosere are as follows:

  1. Phytoplankton Stage: In this stage, Algae and bacteria dominate, adding organic matter.

  2. Submerged Plant Stage: Rooted underwater plants (e.g., Hydrilla, Vallisneria) grow, trapping silt.

  3. Floating Plant Stage: Occurance of Floating plants (e.g., Nymphaea, Pistia) cover the surface, reducing water depth.

  4. Reed Swamp Stage: Emergent plants (e.g., Typha, Phragmites) grow, further filling the water body.

  5. Marsh-Meadow Stage: Grasses and sedges take over, preparing for a forest or grassland ecosystem.

Final Stage: At last a climax terrestrial community (like a forest) forms, completing the hydrosere.

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