Which of the following is a reason for a non-ideal solution showing negative deviation from Raoult's law?
Strong intermolecular forces between unlike molecules
Weak intermolecular forces between like molecules
The solvent and solute have similar molecular sizes
The solute is polar and the solvent is nonpolar
In a non-ideal solution showing negative deviation from Raoult's law, the intermolecular forces between unlike molecules are stronger than those between like molecules. This causes the molecules to stick together more tightly, making it harder for them to escape into the vapour phase. As a result, the vapour pressure of the solution is lower than predicted by Raoult's law.
Option A, "Strong intermolecular forces between unlike molecules" is the correct reason for a non-ideal solution showing negative deviation from Raoult's law. When the forces between unlike molecules are stronger, the solvent molecules tend to preferentially interact with the solute molecules, leading to a decrease in the effective concentration of the solvent in the solution. This results in a lower vapour pressure than predicted by Raoult's law.