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  • In terms of band theory, what is the difference (ii) between a conductor and a semiconductor?

1.22     In terms of band theory, what is the difference
                (ii) between a conductor and a semiconductor?

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Conductor: A conductor may conduct electricity through the movement of electrons or ions. The conductivity of metals depends upon the number of valence electrons available per atom. The atomic orbitals of metal atoms form molecular orbitals which are so close in energy to each other as to form a band. If this band is partially filled or it overlaps with a higher energy unoccupied conduction band, then electrons can flow easily under an applied electric field and the metal shows conductivity.

Semi-conductor: The gap between the valence band and the conduction band is small. Therefore, some electrons may jump to the conduction band and show some conductivity. The electrical conductivity of semiconductors increases with rising in temperature since more electrons can jump to the conduction band.

 

 

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