# 14.22 Show that for a particle in linear SHM the average kinetic energy over a period of oscillation equals the average potential energy over the same period.

Let the equation of oscillation be given by $x=Asin(\omega t)$

Velocity would be given as

$\\v=\frac{dx}{dt}\\ v=A\omega cost(\omega t)$

Kinetic energy at an instant is given by

$\\K(t)=\frac{1}{2}m(v(t))^{2}\\ K(t)=\frac{1}{2}m(A\omega cos(\omega t))^{2}\\ K(t)=\frac{1}{2}mA^{2}\omega ^{2}cos^{2}\omega t$

Time Period  is given by

$T=\frac{2\pi }{\omega }$

The Average Kinetic Energy would be given as follows

$\\K_{av}=\frac{\int _{0}^{T}K(t)dt}{\int _{0}^{T}dt}\\ K_{av}=\frac{1}{T}\int _{0}^{T}K(t)dt\\ K_{av}=\frac{1}{T}\int_{0}^{T}\frac{1}{2}mA^{2}\omega ^{2}cos^{2}\omega t\ dt\\K_{av}=\frac{mA^{2}\omega ^{2}}{2T}\int_{0}^{T}cos^{2}\omega t\ dt\\ K_{av}=\frac{mA^{2}\omega ^{2}}{2T}\int_{0}^{T}\left ( \frac{1+cos2\omega t}{2} \right )dt$

$\\K_{av}=\frac{mA^{2}\omega ^{2}}{2T}\left [ \frac{t}{2} +\frac{sin2\omega t}{4\omega }\right ]_{0}^{T}\\ K_{av}=\frac{mA^{2}\omega ^{2}}{2T}\left [ \left ( \frac{T}{2}+\frac{sin2\omega T}{4\omega } \right )-\left ( 0+sin(0) \right ) \right ]\\ K_{av}=\frac{mA^{2}\omega ^{2}}{2T}\times \frac{T}{2}\\ K_{av}=\frac{mA^{2}\omega ^{2}}{4}$

The potential energy at an instant T is given by

$\\U(t)=\frac{1}{2}kx^{2}\\ U(t)=\frac{1}{2}m\omega ^{2}(Asin(\omega t))^{2}\\ U(t)=\frac{1}{2}m\omega ^{2}A^{2}sin^{2}\omega t$

The Average Potential Energy would be given by

$\\U_{av}=\frac{\int_{0}^{T}U(t)dt}{\int_{0}^{T}dt}\\ \\U_{av}=\frac{1}{T}\int_{0}^{T}\frac{1}{2}m\omega ^{2}A^{2}sin^{2}\omega t\ dt\\ \\U_{av}=\frac{m\omega ^{2}A^{2}}{2T}\int_{0}^{T}sin^{2}\omega t\ dt\\\\ \\U_{av}=\frac{m\omega ^{2}A^{2}}{2T}\int_{0}^{T}\frac{(1-cos2\omega t)}{2}dt$

$\\U_{av}=\frac{m\omega ^{2}A^{2}}{2T}\left [ \frac{t}{2} -\frac{sin2\omega t}{4\omega }\right ]_{0}^{T}\\ \\U_{av}=\frac{m\omega ^{2}A^{2}}{2T}\left [ \left ( \frac{T}{2}-\frac{sin2\omega T}{4\omega } \right )-\left ( 0-sin0 \right ) \right ]\\ U_{av}=\frac{m\omega ^{2}A^{2}}{2T}\times \frac{T}{2}\\ U_{av}=\frac{m\omega ^{2}A^{2}}{4}$

We can see Kav = Uav

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