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resonating structures nitro phenol

 

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Resonating Structures of Nitro Phenol: Nitrophenol is a substituted phenol where a nitro group (-NO?) is attached to the benzene ring along with a hydroxyl group (-OH).

There are two common isomers:

  • Ortho-nitrophenol (–NO? at ortho position to –OH)

  • Para-nitrophenol (–NO? at para position to –OH)

Both exhibit resonance due to the interaction between the lone pair of electrons on –OH and the π-electrons of the benzene ring.

Key Resonance Features:

  1. –OH group is an electron-donating group (+R effect), donating lone pair into the ring.

  2. –NO? is an electron-withdrawing group (–R effect), withdrawing electron density from the ring.

  3. These opposing effects create resonance structures that stabilize the molecule.

Posted by

Saumya Singh

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