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A spherical iron ball of 10cm radius is coated with a layer of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate of 50cm^{3}/min. When the thickness of ice is 5cm, then the rate (in cm / min.) at which of the thickness of ice decreases, is :  
Option: 1 5/6\pi
Option: 2 1/54\pi
Option: 3 1/36\pi
Option: 4 1/18\pi
 

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Derivative as Rate Measure -

Derivative as Rate Measure

We have seen that for quantities that are changing over time, the rates at which these quantities change are given by derivatives. If two related quantities are changing over time, the rates at which the quantities change are related. For example, if a balloon is being filled with air, both the radius of the balloon and the volume of the balloon are increasing. 

If a variable quantity y depends on and varies with a quantity x, then the rate of change of y with respect to x is  \frac{dy}{dx}.

A rate of change with respect to time is simply called the rate of change.

For example, the rate of change of displacement (s) of an object w.r.t. time is velocity (v). \mathit{v=\frac{ds}{dt}}

When limit  Δt? 0 is applied, the rate of change becomes instantaneous and we get the rate of change of displacement (s)  w.r.t. time at an instant.

\text{i.e. }\lim _{\Delta t \rightarrow 0} \mathit{\frac{\Delta s}{\Delta t}=\frac{d s}{d t}}

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{V=\frac{4}{3} \pi(10+a)^{3}} \\ {\frac{\partial V}{\partial t}=4 \pi(10+a)^{2} \cdot \frac{\partial a}{\partial t}=50 \frac{c m^{3}}{\min }} \\ {4 \pi(10+5)^{2} \cdot \frac{\partial a}{\partial t}=50 \frac{c m^{3}}{\min }} \\ {\frac{\partial a}{\partial t}=\frac{1}{18 \pi} \frac{c m}{\min }}

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