Which of the following is an example of a contradiction?
If it is raining, then it is sunny.
It is raining and it is not raining.
Either it is raining or it is not raining.
If it is raining, then it is not raining.
A contradiction is a compound proposition that is always false, regardless of the truth values of its components.
Option (2) is correct as in this case, the proposition is always false because it cannot be both raining and not raining at the same time.
Option (1) is incorrect as it is a conditional statement that is not a contradiction, but it is false in situations when it is raining and not sunny.
Option (3) is incorrect as it is a tautology, not a contradiction.
Option (4) is incorrect as it is a conditional statement that is not a contradiction, but it is false in situations when it is both raining and not raining.
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