Among ‘The Evil Quartet’, which one is considered the most important cause driving extinction of species?
Habitat loss and fragmentation
Over exploitation for economic gain
Alien species invasions
Co-extinctions
The correct option is Option 1) Habitat loss and fragmentation.
"The Evil Quartet" refers to four major drivers of species extinction, as identified by the renowned ecologist Paul Ehrlich. These drivers are habitat loss and fragmentation, over exploitation for economic gain, alien species invasions, and co-extinctions.
Among these, habitat loss and fragmentation are widely considered the most significant cause driving the extinction of species. As human activities continue to modify and destroy natural habitats, species are losing their homes and the resources they need to survive. Fragmentation refers to the breaking up of habitats into smaller, isolated patches, which further exacerbates the negative impacts on species by limiting their mobility, access to resources, and gene flow.
While the other factors listed in the options (over exploitation for economic gain, alien species invasions, and co-extinctions) also contribute to species loss, habitat loss and fragmentation are recognized as the primary drivers with the most far-reaching and detrimental consequences for biodiversity.