Assertion: Natural selection operates on individuals, not populations.
Reason: Individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the spread of those traits within the population.
Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
The assertion is false, but the reason is true.
Natural selection operates on populations, not individuals. While individual organisms may exhibit advantageous traits, it is the frequency of those traits in a population that determines whether they are favored by natural selection. The survival and reproduction of individuals with advantageous traits lead to the spread of those traits within the population, but it is the population as a whole that is subject to natural selection.
Option 4 is the correct answer.