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  • In a lake ecosystem, bottom-up effects (B) refer to control of a lower trophic level by the higher trophic levels and top-down effects (T) refer to the opposite. In a lake with three trophic levels

In a lake ecosystem, bottom-up effects (B) refer to control of a lower trophic level by the higher trophic levels and top-down effects (T) refer to the opposite. In a lake with three trophic levels-Phytoplankton (P), Zooplankton (Z) and primary Carnivore (C),

 

Option: 1

P and C are controlled by B, and Z is controlled by T.


Option: 2

P, Z and C are all controlled by T.


Option: 3

P is controlled by B, Z is controlled by T and C is controlled by B.


Option: 4

 P is controlled by T, Z is controlled by B and C is controlled by T.


Answers (1)

best_answer

In the described lake ecosystem, bottom-up effects (B) refer to the control of higher trophic levels (zooplankton and primary carnivore) by the lower trophic level (phytoplankton). Meanwhile, top-down effects (T) refer to the control of the lower trophic levels (phytoplankton and zooplankton) by the higher trophic level (primary carnivore).

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

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