The gene of Phenylketonuria in human beings is an example of Pleiotropy. The disease is caused by mutation in the gene (present on chromosome 12) that codes for the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (single gene mutation). It results in the accumulation of phenylalanine and is not converted to tyrosine. This manifests itself through phenotypic expression characterized by mental retardation and a reduction in hair and skin pigmentation. Hence, the correct option is (c).