The turnover in a lake in spring and autumn results in
Free mixing of and nutrients
Algal bloom
Temperature inversion
Both (1) & (2)
The turnover in a lake during spring and autumn can indeed result in free mixing of water and nutrients, which can potentially lead to algal blooms.
During the turnover, which is also known as lake mixing or lake overturn, the water in a lake undergoes vertical mixing. In spring, this occurs as the surface waters warm up and become less dense, causing them to mix with the colder, denser water beneath. In autumn, the process is reversed as the surface waters cool down and become denser, leading to mixing with the deeper waters.
During turnover, the mixing of water layers helps distribute oxygen, nutrients, and other dissolved substances throughout the lake. This can result in an influx of nutrients from the deeper waters to the surface, providing a rich nutrient supply for the growth of algae and other aquatic organisms. If the conditions are favorable, such as sufficient sunlight and appropriate nutrient levels, this increased availability of nutrients can lead to algal blooms.
Algal blooms occur when certain types of algae rapidly multiply and dominate the water body, often causing water discoloration and other ecological imbalances. The excessive growth of algae can deplete oxygen levels in the water, disrupt the aquatic ecosystem, and potentially harm other organisms. Therefore, while turnover can be a natural process, the subsequent nutrient availability can contribute to algal blooms, and in some cases, it can have negative ecological impacts on the lake.
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.