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Which of the following options correctly matches the Era/Period/Epoch of the geological time scale with significant events in the history of life?
| Column I | Column II | |
| 1. | Carboniferous period | The presence of vast forests composed of vascular plants marks a period when seed ferns emerged, leading to the dominance of reptiles and amphibians. |
| 2. | Jurassic period | Gymnosperms maintain their dominance as the prominent plant group, while dinosaurs rule the land.During this time, the first toothed bird species originate. |
| 3. | Devonian period | A significant diversification of vascular plants occurs alongside the emergence of various jawless fish species. This period also witnesses the colonization of land by plants and arthropods. |
| 4. | Permian period | The evolutionary stage is characterized by the emergence of reptiles with mammal-like characteristics and the subsequent radiation of reptiles. |
| 5. | Cretaceous period | Angiosperms, or flowering plants, make their appearance on the scene. Simultaneously, this period sees the extinction of dinosaurs and several other groups of organisms. |
2 and 4
3,4 and 5
1,2,3,4 and 5
1,2,4 and 5
Answers (1)
Carboniferous period: During the Carboniferous period, there were extensive forests of vascular plants. This period saw the emergence of seed ferns, which led to the dominance of reptiles and amphibians in the ecosystem.
Jurassic period: In the Jurassic period, gymnosperms like conifers were the dominant plant group, and dinosaurs ruled the land. It was also during this time that the first toothed bird species appeared.
Permian period: The Permian period marked the emergence of reptiles with mammal-like characteristics. These reptiles showed features intermediate between reptiles and mammals. The period also witnessed the radiation of reptiles with a variety of species.
Cretaceous period: The Cretaceous period saw the appearance of flowering plants called angiosperms. It was also a time of significant changes as dinosaurs and other groups of organisms became extinct.
These periods represent important stages in Earth's history, highlighting the dominance of certain plant and animal groups and significant evolutionary events.
Hence, the correct answer is option 4.
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