# Consider the two idealized systems: (i) a parallel plate capacitor with large plates and small separation and (ii) a long solenoid of length L >> R, the radius of the cross-section. In (i) E is ideally treated as a constant between plates and zero outside. In (ii) the magnetic field is constant inside the solenoid and zero outside.These idealized assumptions, however, contradict fundamental laws as below: A. case (i) contradicts Gauss’s Law for electrostatic fields. B. case (ii) contradicts Gauss’s Law for magnetic fields. C. case (i) agrees with $\int E.dl=0$ D. case (ii) contradicts $\int H.dl=l_{en}$

The answer is the option (b)
Gauss’ Law for electrostatic field isn’t violated as electric fields don’t require to be in continuous closed paths.
$\oint_{}S E.ds=\frac{q}{\varepsilon_ 0}$
However, Gauss’ Law for magnetic field is violated as magnetic fields need to be in continuous closed paths.
$\oint_{}S B.ds=0$

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