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Describe the structure of a human kidney with the help of a labelled diagram.

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Structure of Kidney
Length: 10-12 cm
Width: 5-7 cm
Thickness: 2-3 cm
Location: both sides of the vertebral column

The hilum is a notch which is present on the inner surface towards the centre of the kidney. This notch allows the entrance of blood vessels, nerves and ureters in the kidney.

Renal Pelvis
Funnel-shaped structure towards the inner hilum. It has two zones. The inner zone is known as the medulla, and the outer zone is known as the cortex.
Medulla
It is divided into small medullary pyramids which are conical in shape. These are projected through the calyces.
Cortex
It is a structure which is present between the renal columns and the medullary pyramids. Columns of Bertini is another name for the renal columns.
Nephrons
These are particularly important functional units of a kidney. They are complex tubular structures present in the count of millions. There are two parts of a nephron which include the glomerulus and the tubule. The glomerulus is responsible for the filtration of blood and toxic substances like nitrogenous wastes and ammonia.

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