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8. Describe various types of epithelial tissues with the help of labelled diagrams.
Answers (1)
Epithelial tissue provides covering or lining for some parts of the body. It consists of a layer of cells and a basement membrane. The cells of epithelium are compactly packed without intercellular space.
(a) Simple epithelium: It is the single layer of cells which are in direct contact with the basement membrane. Simple epithelium is further subdivided into the following types:
(i) Simple squamous epithelium: It consists of a single layer of flat cells with irregular boundaries. Simple squamous epithelium is mostly found in the walls of the blood vessels and in the lining of alveoli.
(ii) Simple cuboidal epithelium: It consists of a single layer of cube-like cells and is present in regions where secretion and absorption of substances take place such as the proximal convoluted tubule region of the nephron.
(iii) Simple columnar epithelium: This epithelium is formed by a single layer of tall, slender cells with their nuclei present at the base of the cells. These generally possess microvilli on the free surfaces. Columnar epithelium forms the lining of the stomach and intestines. The major function of simple columnar epithelium is secretion and absorption.
(iv) Ciliated epithelium: It consists of columnar or cuboidal cells with cilia on their free surfaces. They are present in bronchioles and oviducts from where they direct mucus and eggs in specific directions.
(v) Glandular epithelium: These are columnar or cuboidal cells involved in the secretion of substances. Glands are of two types, unicellular glands (goblet cells of the alimentary canal) and multicellular glands (salivary glands). They can be classified as exocrine (ductless glands) and endocrine glands (duct glands) based on the method through which they release enzymes.
(b) Compound epithelium: When the simple epithelium is consists of many layers of cells, it is called compound epithelium. The compound epithelium is involved mainly in the function of providing protection and has a limited role in secretion and absorption. Examples of compound epithelium include the dry surface of the skin or moist inner lining of the buccal cavity, pharynx, pancreatic ducts, and the inner lining of ducts of salivary glands.
Compound epithelium
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