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4.32     Distinguish between a sigma and a pi bond.

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Difference between the sigma bond and the pi bond is shown in the table below:

Sigma (\sigma) Bond Pi (\pi) Bond
(a) Formed by end to end overlapping of orbitals. Formed by the lateral overlapping of orbitals
(b) Sigma bonds are stronger than the pi bond. Weak bond.
(c) The orbitals involved in the overlapping are s-s, s-p, p-p. Bonds are formed only with overlapping of p-p orbitals.
(d) The electron cloud is symmetrical about an internuclear axis. The electron cloud is not symmetrical.
(e) Free rotation is possible in case of a sigma bond. Rotation is restricted in case of pi-bonds.

 

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Divya Prakash Singh

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