Explain divergent evolution in detail. What is the driving force behind it?
Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences that leads to the formation of new species. When two groups of the same species get isolated from each other, they adapt to different circumstances. Natural selection and adaptation result in variations that accumulate over various generations, which results in the origin of new species.
Homologous organs are similar in basic design but serve different purposes in different organisms. These homologous organs are results of divergent evolution. Forelimbs of mammals and birds are good examples of divergent evolution. While mammals use their forelimbs for walking, running and other chores, birds use forelimbs (modified into wings) for flight adaptations. In both cases, forelimbs are supported by humerus, radio -ulna, carpals, and metacarpals. This may indicate common ancestry.