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Explain the mechanism of breathing with neat labelled sketches.

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The process of breathing comprises of two stages: -
Inspiration:

  • The intercostal muscles initiate contraction of the diaphragm. This increases the volume of the thoracic chamber.
  • Ribs and diaphragm are moved upwards. As a result, the pressure inside the lungs becomes less than atmospheric pressure. This difference in pressure causes air to move inside the lungs.

Expiration:

  • The intercostal muscles and the diaphragm relax and move to their original position.
  • Ribs and sternum return to their original position.
  • The volume inside the thoracic chamber reduces. As a result, the pressure inside the lungs becomes more than the atmospheric pressure and the air is forced out of the lungs.

 

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