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3.11  What do you understand by isoelectronic species? Name a species that will be isoelectronic with each of the following atoms or ions.

(i) F^-

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Atoms and ions which contains the same number of electrons are isoelectronic species.

GIven F^- ion which has total of 9+1 =10 electrons.

Thus, the species having the same number of electrons are Na^+ ion having (11-1=10) electrons, or Ne having 10 electrons, or O_{2}^- ion (8+2 =10) electrons, and Al^{3+} ion having 13-3 =10 electrons.

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Divya Prakash Singh

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