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Among the following statements regarding normal breathing, select the option that accurately describes the active and passive processes involved:
Inspiration is an active process, while expiration is a passive process.
Inspiration is a passive process, while expiration is an active process.
Both inspiration and expiration involve a combination of active and passive processes.
Neither inspiration nor expiration can be categorized as solely active or passive processes.
Answers (1)
In normal breathing, inspiration is an active process. During inspiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, causing the expansion of the chest cavity. This expansion lowers the pressure inside the lungs, allowing air to flow in from the higher atmospheric pressure outside. The active muscular effort is required to initiate and maintain this expansion.
On the other hand, expiration is a passive process. During expiration, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, allowing the chest cavity to return to its resting position. This relaxation leads to a decrease in the chest volume, which increases the pressure inside the lungs. As a result, the air is expelled from the lungs passively, driven by the pressure gradient between the higher pressure inside the lungs and the lower atmospheric pressure.
Therefore, Option 1 correctly describes that inspiration is an active process involving muscular contraction, while expiration is a passive process relying on muscle relaxation. Hence, the correct answer is option 1
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