Among the given options, which statement does not represent an advantage of internal fertilization compared to external fertilization?
Reduced likelihood of pathogen transmission
Minimal wastage of gametes
Increased probability of individual egg fertilization
Extended duration of egg protection
Internal fertilization, as stated in option 1, offers the advantage of decreased disease transmission compared to external fertilization. In internal fertilization, the process occurs within the female's body, reducing the exposure of the developing embryo or offspring to external pathogens. This is because the internal environment provides a controlled and protected space. In contrast, external fertilization, where fertilization occurs outside the parents' bodies, exposes the gametes to a higher risk of encountering pathogens or environmental factors that can harm their survival. Thus, option 1 correctly highlights one of the benefits of internal fertilization over external fertilization.