Assertion (A): Seed dormancy is a mechanism that ensures seed germination occurs under favorable conditions.
Reason (R): Seed dormancy is controlled by external environmental factors such as temperature and moisture.
Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
A is true but R is false.
A is false but R is true.
The assertion states that seed dormancy is a mechanism that ensures seed germination occurs under favorable conditions. This is supported by the reason, which states that seed dormancy is controlled by external environmental factors such as temperature and moisture. The reason explains why seed dormancy exists as a protective mechanism to prevent germination in unsuitable conditions. Therefore, both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason correctly explains the assertion.
Option 1 is the correct answer.