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Sarah, a student, is having lunch with her friends. She takes a bite of a sandwich and starts chewing it. As she chews, her salivary glands secrete saliva into her mouth. Which of the following statements best describes the role of saliva in the process of digestion?
Saliva helps break down proteins into smaller peptides.
Saliva provides lubrication for the smooth swallowing of food.
Saliva contains enzymes that initiate the digestion of fats.
Saliva neutralizes stomach acid to protect the stomach lining.
Answers (1)
Saliva plays an important role in the initial stages of digestion. In the above case, as Sarah chews her food, saliva is secreted into her mouth. The primary function of saliva is to provide lubrication for the smooth swallowing of food. It moistens the food, making it easier to form a bolus and facilitating the passage of the food down the esophagus during the process of swallowing or deglutition. Saliva also contains enzymes such as salivary amylase, which initiates the digestion of carbohydrates by breaking down starch into maltose. However, in this case, the emphasis is on the role of saliva in facilitating the swallowing process making option 2 as the correct answer.
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