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- #Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
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Tyloses are formed by
Option: 1
Xylem vessels
Option: 2
Xylem fibres
Option: 3
Xylem tracheids
Option: 4
Xylem parenchyma
Answers (1)
- When a transverse section of a woody trunk is taken, two regions are distinctly visible.
- In the center, there is dark-coloured wood called heartwood.
- Heartwood is made up of dead and non-functional components of wood.
- Heartwood is also called duramen.
- The lumen of vessels in the heartwood has been blocked by tyloses.
- Tyloses are balloon-like structures formed due to the protrusion of xylem parenchyma cells into the lumen of vessels.
- These parenchyma cells become lignified and dead, thereby making the vessels non-functional.
- In the tracheids of gymnosperms, the tylosoids are present.
- Heartwood is durable and resistant to parasitic and microbial attacks.
- It gives mechanical support to the tree trunk.
- It appears dark due to the deposition of organic compounds like tannins, resins, oils, gums, aromatic substances and essential oils.
- In the periphery of the tree trunk, surrounding the heartwood, there is lighter-colored wood made up of functional xylem elements.
- This is called sapwood. It is involved in the conduction of sap.
- Sapwood is also called alburnum.
- Tyloses are balloon-like structures formed due to the protrusion of xylem parenchyma cells into the lumen of vessels.
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