Reproduction in gymnosperms -
- Microspores include male gametophyte which produces only two male gametes or sperm.
- The pollen grains or microspores are liberated at more than 2-celled stage from microsporangium.
- Water is not required for transport of male gamete. A pollen tube is formed that delivers male gametes to archegonia.
- Fertilization produces a zygote which later turns into an embryo.
- Endosperm in gymnosperms is formed before fertilization. It represents the haploid female gametophyte generation.
- The seeds are naked i.e. they are not formed inside fruit as in angiosperms.
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Pinus has winged pollen grains.
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