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  • Discuss the role of hybridisation in crop improvement.

Discuss the role of hybridisation in crop improvement.

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Answer:

Hybridisation is the process in which two genetically dissimilar plants are cross-breed in order to receive a resultant third variety of plant with unique traits than the two used for crossbreeding. The plants belonging to the same species are easier to cross-breed and produce a hybrid of higher fertility. Examples of such hybridization are cross-breeding two varieties of rice to produce a hybrid rice breed.

There are multiple types of hybridisation and they are developed for different needs. If this crossing is done between different varieties, it is called Intervarietal hybridisation. If the crossing is done between different genes, then it is called inter- generic hybridisation. If the crossing is done between different species of the same gene it is called inter-specific hybridisation.

The useful traits of hybridisation in crop improvement are mentioned below:

  1. Disease resistance: The hybrid plants are less susceptible to the diseases caused by pathogens
  2. Selective breeding provides hybrid plants to grow at a faster rate leading to quick reaping periods for farmers and provide a higher yield.

3. Hybridisation can provide with less susceptible breed to certain difficult growing conditions.

4. The hybrid plant will have a better product quality leading to crop improvement.

5. Hybridisation will enhance the responses of the hybrid plant towards the fertilizers leading to crop improvement.

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