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  • Poynting vectors S is defined as a vector whose magnitude is equal to the wave intensity and whose direction is along the direction of wave propagation

Poynting vector S is defined as a vector whose magnitude is equal to the wave intensity and whose direction is along the direction of wave propagation. Mathematically, it is given by S = \frac{1}{\mu_0} E \times B. Show the nature of the S versus t graph.

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Explanation:-

In an electromagnetic wave, Let \vec{E} be varying along the y-axis, \vec{B} is along z-axis and propagation of wave be along x-axis. Then \vec{E} \times \vec{B} will tell the direction of propagation of energy flow in electromagnetic waves, along x-axis.

Let,

\\ \vec{E} =E_0 \sin\left ( \omega t -kx \right )\hat{j}\\ \vec{B} =B_0 \sin\left ( \omega t -kx \right )\hat{k}\\ S=\frac{1}{\mu_0}\left ( \vec{E} \times \vec{B} \right )=\frac{1}{\mu_0}\;E_0B_0\sin^{2}\left ( \omega t- kx\right )\left ( \hat{j}\times \hat{k} \right )\\ \Rightarrow S=\frac{E_0B_0}{\mu_0}\sin^{2}\left ( \omega t-kx \right )\hat{i}\; \; \; \; \; \;

Since \sin^{2}\left ( \omega t-kx \right ) is never negative, \vec{S}\left ( x,t \right ) always point in the positive X-direction, i.e, in the direction of wave propagation.
The variation of \left | S \right | with time T will be as given in the figure below:

 

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