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  • Represent the potential energy/enthalpy change in the following processes graphically. (a) Throwing a stone from the ground to roof. (b) \frac{1}{2}H_{2}(g)+\frac{1}{2}Cl_{2}(g)\Leftrightarrow HCL(g)\Delta _{r}H^{\ominus }=-92.32\; kJ\; mol^{-1}

 Represent the potential energy/enthalpy change in the following processes graphically.
(a) Throwing a stone from the ground to roof.
(b)

\frac{1}{2}H_{2}(g)+\frac{1}{2}Cl_{2}(g)\rightleftharpoons HCl (g) \; \Delta _{r}H^{\ominus }=-92.32\; kJ\; mol^{-1}

In which of the processes potential energy/enthalpy change is contributing factor to the spontaneity?

Answers (1)

(a) Throwing a stone from ground to roof

b)  the reaction involved is a process where the energy decreases after the reaction. It can be represented as:

In process b), potential energy/enthalpy change is contributing factor to the spontaneity.

Potential energy change is not a contributing factor to spontaneity when external work is required to move an object from low to high potential energy. For example, throwing a stone from the ground to a roof is not a spontaneous process because it requires external work to move the stone. 

Enthalpy change

Enthalpy change is a contributing factor to spontaneity when it is negative. This is because a negative enthalpy change favors a negative Gibbs free energy change, which determines spontaneity. For example, an exothermic reaction has a negative enthalpy of reaction (ΔH), which makes the Gibbs free energy negative and the reaction spontaneous.

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