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  • Select the correct statement  (a) Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous  (b) Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are analogous  (c) Wings of birds and limbs of lizards are analogous

Select the correct statement 
(a) Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous 
(b) Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are analogous 
(c) Wings of birds and limbs of lizards are analogous 
(d) Wings of birds and wings of bat are homologous

 

Answers (1)

Homologous structures are structures that are similar in related organisms because they were inherited from a common ancestor. These structures may or may not have the same function as those in the descendants.

(a) The Tendril of a pea plant and the phylloclade of Opuntia are both structures belonging to the shoot system and inherited from a common ancestor. The phylloclade of Opuntia is modified for photosynthesis, and the tendril is meant to provide support to the weak stem. Hence, these are homologous.

(b) Analogous structures are similar structures that evolved independently into two living organisms for the same purpose. The Tendril of a pea plant and phylloclade of Opuntia are homologous as discussed in part (a).

(c) Analogous structures are similar structures that evolved independently into two living organisms for the same purpose. The wings of birds and the limbs of lizards do not have the same purpose, so they are not analogous.

(d) Bat wings consist of flaps of skin stretched between the bones of the fingers and arm. Bird wings consist of feathers extending all along the arm. These structural dissimilarities suggest that bird wings and bat wings were not inherited from a common ancestor with wings. Hence these are not homologous.

Therefore, option (a) is correct.

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