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  • Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.

Give the full form of ELISA. Which disease can be detected using it? Discuss the principle underlying the test.

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ELISA stands for Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. ELISA is widely used to detect diseases such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, dengue fever, and COVID-19.              The Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) operates on the concept of antigen-antibody binding. It identifies the presence of particular antigens (foreign substances) or antibodies (proteins generated by the immune system) within a biological sample, such as blood or serum.

Working of ELISA:

  • A known antigen is immobilized on a surface, or an antibody is immobilized to capture the target antigen.
  • The sample is added, enabling the antigen-antibody binding.
  • Enzyme-linked antibodies are introduced, binding to the antigen-antibody complex.
  • A substrate for the enzyme is added, resulting in a color change that signals the presence of the target antigen or antibody.
  • The intensity of the color change is measured to determine the concentration of the antigen or antibody. 

 

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Gurleen Kaur

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