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  • The electronic configuration of valence shell of Cu is 3d^{10}4s^{1} and not 3d^{9}4s^{2}. How is this configuration explained?

The electronic configuration of the valence shell of Cu is 3d^{10}4s^{1} and not 3d^{9}4s^{2}. How is this configuration explained?

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When the two sub-shells differ slightly in their energies, an electron shifts from a sub-shell of lower energy (4s) to a sub-shell of higher energy (3d). It has been found that there is extra stability associated with this electronic configuration, as in 3d104s1, the d orbital is completely filled and the s is half-filled. So, it is a more stable configuration.

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