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What do you understand by shape selective catalysis? Why are zeolites good shape selective catalysts?

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Shape selective catalysis is a catalytic reaction, which distinguishes between the reactant, product or the transition state species in terms of relative sizes of molecules and pore space. Zeolites are excellent shape selective catalysis due to its honeycomb like structure. Zeolites, with a general formula \text {M}_{\frac{\text {x}}{\text {n}}}[(\text {AlO}_{2})_{x}(\text {SiO}_{2})_{y}].\text {mH}_{2}\text {O}, are microporous aluminosilicates. They can permit a molecule’s entry and exit into active regions and have a large inner surface area. In petrochemical industries, they find an application in isomerization and the cracking of hydrocarbons. The size of the cavities (caves) and pores (tunnels) determine the reaction’s feasibility. ZSM-5, a zeolite catalyst can convert alcohol to gasoline by dehydrating the alcohol in its cavities.

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