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  • Despite their – I effect, halogens are o- and p-directing in haloarenes. Explain.

Despite their – I effect, halogens are o- and p-directing in haloarenes. Explain.

 

 

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Halogens are ortho and para-directing because they have +R and -I effects. Now, halogens present on the benzene ring have these effects in which, the -I effect deactivates the ring and the +R effect increases the electron density on ortho and para positions.

Halogens are electronegative elements that withdraw electron density from the benzene ring through an inductive effect. This deactivates the ring.

Halogens are somewhat deactivating in aryl halides because of their strong -I effect. However, the +R effect makes up for this, resulting in halogens being deactivating but ortho and para directing. 

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