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Based on your understanding of genetic code, explain the formation of any abnormal haemoglobin molecule. What are the known consequences of such a change?
Answers (1)
An abnormal haemoglobin molecule can form due to mutations in the globin gene, such as in sickle cell anaemia, where a point mutation in the β-globin gene causes the substitution of glutamic acid with valine. This alters the hemoglobin structure, causing red blood cells to become sickle-shaped, less efficient at carrying oxygen, and prone to breaking apart. The result is anaemia, blocked blood flow, pain, and organ damage. Similar mutations can cause other disorders like haemoglobin C disease, leading to varying degrees of hemolytic anaemia and related complications.
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