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  • Which of the processes described below are irreversible? (a)The increase in temperature of an iron rod by hammering it.

Which of the processes described below are irreversible?
(a) The increase in temperature of an iron rod by hammering it.
(b) A gas in a small container at a temperature T1 is brought in contact with a big reservoir at a higher temperature T2 which increases the temperature of the gas.
(c) A quasi-static isothermal expansion of an ideal gas in a cylinder fitted with a frictionless piston.
(d) An ideal gas is enclosed in a piston-cylinder arrangement with adiabatic walls. A weight W is added to the piston, resulting in compression of the gas.

Answers (1)

The answer is the option (a), (b), (d)

(a) During hammering the work done on the rod in hammering converts into heat, raises the temperature of the rod but this heat energy cannot be converted into work, so the process is not reversible.

(b) Heat flows from higher temperature to lower. When the containers are brought in contact, the heat of the bigger one gets transferred to a smaller container until the temperature in both the containers become equal, which is an average of both.  But the heat cannot flow from smaller to larger.

(d) Adding weight to the piston increases the pressure and decreases the volume. It cannot be reversed back itself.

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