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  • Why should the metal sulphides and carbonates be converted to metal oxides in the process of extraction of metal from them

Why should the metal sulphides and carbonates be converted to metal oxides in the process of extraction of metal from them?

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It is easier to obtain metals from their oxides (by reduction) than from carbonate or sulphide ores. So, before reduction the ore must be converted into metal oxide.
Calcination: method by which a carbonate ore is converted into oxide
Roasting: method by which a sulphide ore is converted into oxide
Calcination or roasting is done depending on the nature of ore
Example for calcination:
CaCO_{3}\rightarrow CaO+CO_{2}
Example for roasting:
2ZnS+3O_{2}\rightarrow 2ZnO+SO_{2}

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