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Why should the metal sulphides and carbonates be converted to metal oxides in the process of extraction of metal from them?

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It is easier to obtain metals from their oxides (by reduction) than from carbonate or sulphide ores. So, before reduction the ore must be converted into metal oxide.
Calcination: method by which a carbonate ore is converted into oxide
Roasting: method by which a sulphide ore is converted into oxide
Calcination or roasting is done depending on the nature of ore
Example for calcination:
CaCO_{3}\rightarrow CaO+CO_{2}
Example for roasting:
2ZnS+3O_{2}\rightarrow 2ZnO+SO_{2}

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