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  • (a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. (b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.

(a) What are hydrocarbons? Give examples. 

(b) Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each. 

(c) What is a functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.

Answers (1)

a) Hydrocarbons are compounds made of carbon and hydrogen.

Example- Methane: CH_4

                  Ethene: CH_2 = CH_2

                  Benzene: C_6H_6

b) In saturated hydrocarbons, all the bonds of carbon are single bonds but in unsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, carbon chain has either double bond or triple bond or both in some cases.

Example

Saturated hydrocarbons:

Methane

Ethane

Unsaturated hydrocarbons:

Ethene

Ethyne

H-C\equiv C-H

Propene

c) A functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions.

Example:

Alcohol                                  -OH

Carboxylic Acid                   -COOH

Chlorine                                -Cl

Fluorine                                -F

Iodine                                    -I

Aldehyde                              -CHO

Cyanide                                 -CN

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