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  • How do carbohydrates, proteins and fats get digested in human beings?

How do carbohydrates, proteins and fats get digested in human beings?

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Digestion of carbohydrates:

  • Oral cavity: Starch is broken down into maltose by salivary amylase present in the saliva.
  • Small intestine: The remaining starch is broken down into maltose by pancreatic amylase present in the pancreatic juice. Maltose is broken down into glucose units by Maltase of intestinal juice.
     

Digestion of Proteins:

  • Stomach: In its inactive form, pepsin is called pepsinogen. Upon exposure to HCl, pepsinogen gets converted into active pepsin. Pepsin starts digesting protein into smaller peptides.
  • Small intestine: Trypsin and chymotrypsin digest proteins into peptides. Pancreatic juice secretes Trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen (inactive form of trypsin and chymotrypsin respectively). Peptidases of intestinal juice digest the peptides into amino acids.
     

Digestion of Fats:

  • Small intestine: Emulsification of large globules of fats into smaller droplets by bile salts. Pancreatic lipase digests the emulsified fat globules into glycerol and fatty acids. Glycerol and fatty acids enter the villi cells where they are rejoined and packaged as lipoprotein droplets before entering the lacteals.
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