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  • explain solution RD Sharma class 12 Chapter 18 Indefinite Integrals exercise 18.30 question 44

explain solution RD Sharma class 12 Chapter 18 Indefinite Integrals exercise 18.30 question 44

Answers (1)

Answer:

                x-\log |x|+\frac{1}{2} \log \left|x^{2}+1\right|-\tan ^{-1} x+C

Hint:

            To solve this integration, we use partial fraction method   

Given:

            \int \frac{x^{3}-1}{x^{3}+x} d x \\

Explanation:

Let

\begin{aligned} &I=\int \frac{x^{3}-1}{x^{3}+x} d x \\ &I=\int \frac{x^{3}+x-x-1}{x^{3}+x} d x \\ &I=\int\left[\frac{x^{3}+x}{x^{3}+x}-\frac{x+1}{x^{3}+x}\right] d x \end{aligned}
\begin{aligned} &I=\int\left[1-\frac{x+1}{x\left(x^{2}+1\right)}\right] d x \\ &I=\int d x-\int \frac{x+1}{x\left(x^{2}+1\right)} d x \end{aligned}
\begin{aligned} &\frac{x+1}{x\left(x^{2}+1\right)}=\frac{A}{x}+\frac{B x+C}{x^{2}+1} \\ &x+1=A\left(x^{2}+1\right)+(B x+C) x \\ &x+1=x^{2}(A+B)+C x+A \end{aligned}

Equating similar terms

\begin{aligned} &A+B=0 \\ &A=-B \end{aligned}                          (1)

C=1                              (2)

\begin{aligned} &A=1 \\ &B=-1 \end{aligned}                          [From equation (1)]

\frac{x+1}{x\left(x^{2}+1\right)}=\frac{1}{x}+\frac{-x+1}{x^{2}+1}

Thus
\begin{aligned} &I=\int d x-\int \frac{1}{x} d x+\int \frac{x}{x^{2}+1} d x-\int \frac{1}{x^{2}+1} d x \\ &I=x-\log |x|+\frac{1}{2} \log \left|x^{2}+1\right|-\tan ^{-1} x+C \end{aligned}

 

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